CLEOPATRA (I century BC)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ Cleopatra VII was born in 69 BC
in Alexandria by one of two marriages
Neodioniso Ptolemy XII (80-51 BC
) said "Aulete" (the "flute"), a lover of wine and music. It is said that Cleopatra was a woman is not very nice, nice, smart. But above all else was smart, determined and ruthless. All ideal qualities to rule a kingdom like that of Egypt. When in 51 BC
the father dies, Cleopatra to 18 years just sit on the throne of Egypt with her brother Ptolemy XIII
only 10 years. Roma, who already 'had designs on the kingdom of Egypt, Pompey appointment
guardian of the little Pharaoh. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
between the two brothers There is a deep hatred that leads to the will of the powerful eunuch Pothinus , by turning away from the palace of Cleopatra decides to take refuge in Syria and began to organize their own army. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ E 'the same historical period in which you play the events of the civil war between Julius Caesar and Pompey . The two chase each other up in Egypt where Pompey, who thought he could re-protected in the land of Egypt Ptolemy XIII, was assassinated. Perhaps this heinous act had been ordered by Pharaoh to ingratiate himself with Julius Caesar, Rome's new master now. This action, however, had effects exactly opposite to those desired by Ptolemy . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ fact Caesar, who settled in Palace of Alexandria, Ptolemy XIII and Cleopatra summoned to put an end to conflict Dynastic that battered the kingdom of Egypt. Cleopatra, for fear of being killed by the men of his brother, came to Palace on board a brig led by his trusted servant, Apollonius Siciliano, docked just below the walls and wrapped in a carpet was introduced by Apollodorus carried on his shoulders. Caesar reached the apartment the carpet was laid down and rolled left astonished the Roman condotiero. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ appreciate Caesar 'in each sense, the quality 'of the young princess, his cunning, courage and his cunning, conquered it to the point that he decided to hand over the kingdom of Egypt in the hands of Cleopatra. The queen of Egypt was able to converse without the aid of interpreters, with the Ethiopians, Troglodytes, Syrians, Arabs, Jews, and Medi Parties and knew many other languages \u200b\u200bincluding, of course, the Egyptian and Greek. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Caesar brought Cleopatra in travel along the Nile to show the beauty of Egypt. Became the mistress of the powerful Roman Empire, gives him 'a son, Ptolemy XV Caesarion, the only male heir of Caesar. The political design of Cleopatra at this stage of his life seemed to become clear. Through relations with the powerful lover, wanted unify the crown of Egypt with the Roman power , aiming to create a true dynasty of Roman emperors Egyptian, whose first representative was his son Caesarion. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ of this design is realized many Romans, who quickly began to hate the queen of Egypt as well as the new "dictator" in Rome. He gave much annoyance to the powerful of the City plus the way in which Caesar had dealt with the Egyptian. Egypt could become a Roman colony like many others, but for the love of Cleopatra, this did not happen. Addiritura Cesare creeps' in power struggle between Cleopatra and her brother Ptolemy XIII by killing and leaving so ', his beloved, the only queen of Egypt. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ To stay close to Caesar but also for political purposes, even Cleopatra moved to Rome where, however, is inhospitable reception of the Romans. The disappointment of the Roman people born in the senate and disputes arising in the murder of Julius Caesar to Ides of March in 44 BC ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ this Cleopatra the subject is alone and must rush to find a new ally if he wants to continue to fuel his dreams of glory and power. Marco Antonio is in the ally of Caesar, which proclaims Ptolemy XV Caesarion heir of Julius Caesar in front of the Senate. But the young Octavian (the future first emperor of Rome) opposes him by claiming to be his legitimate successor to the throne. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In this turbulent climate, Cleopatra decides to return to Egypt where he found an economy in crisis and the Egyptian people reduced to slavery by the Greeks who, in turn, lead a life of luxury e di potere. Cleopatra non cambia tale impostazione, ma la rende più accettabile da parte degli egiziani alleggerendo le tasse e migliorando il livello della vita. Per rilanciare il commercio riapre l'antica via carovaniera dal Nilo al mar Rosso facendola proteggere con torri di guardia dislocate lungo il percorso e visibili tra loro in modo da permettere la comunicazione in caso di agguati. Da questa via viene importato il porfido che verrà poi utilizzato dai Romani per costruire le statue degli imperatori.
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Nel frattempo la lotta tra i due generali romani divampa. Marco Antonio e' padrone della eastern part of the Roman Empire, while Octavian governs Western Europe. Between the two there is a lot of rivalry, but also hatred which brings them into conflict several times. Mark Antony, Octavius \u200b\u200bto defeat the enemy, needs of the treasures of Egypt, and then summons Cleopatra to Tarsus , on the Turkish coast. Of course, Cleopatra tries to tie in if the young Antonio emotionally as he did with his great predecessor. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Some sources tell us that Cleopatra came a call to Mark Antony in Cilicia on a boat Purple the sails, the stern of gold and silver oars. The queen, dressed as a Venus and accompanied by the sound of flutes and lutes, was lying inside a canopy surrounded by cupids. Cleopatra will have twins by the Roman general and participate 'actively in the last battles of the war between Octavian and his beloved, but for a period of three years will be' abandoned by her new lover who will marry in the meantime '. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ At this time Cleopatra discovers the ancient Egyptian religion becoming a promoter of prayers, rituals and gifts to the gods now abandoned for years. Marco Antonio, despite the multiple insistence of his first wife, Fulvia, then the second wife Octavia, Cleopatra back to looking for an ally and new wealth to fuel the fight against Octavian. Cleopatra, too smart to show all his pain, give up the treasures of his kingdom in return for specific promises. So lands of Arabia, the copper mines of Cyprus the Sinai, the ' Armenia and the wheat fields around the North Africa belonging to Rome, passing under the Egyptian government. The Senate and the Roman institutions external open their disappointment, all the lands conquered by the blood of the Romans transferred to the Queen, who has never accepted. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Ottaviano advantage of the situation an attack on Mark Antony at the Battle of Actium . Cleopatra, in an unusual manner, follows Antonio fight side by side in the Egyptian ship, but he soon abandoned the ally to its fate and moves away from the battle. Given the progress of the battle Cleopatra withdrew to Alexandria decides to escape from Egypt, but during the preparations for departure, is surprised by Abatei, long subjugated to his power, which prevent the escape. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ troops of Octavian, in the meantime had put to flight Marco Antonio's fleet, threatening approach in Alexandria. Marco Antonio, who took refuge in the palace with Cleopatra kills herself with his sword and dies in the arms of the Queen of Egypt. Fearing that he attempted suicide Cleopatra, Octavian, now master of Alexandria, makes sure that each brought to the queen is carefully controlled. Cleopatra and 'prey too important to be lost. must 'be exhibited in the triumph of Augustus and exposed to the wrath of the Roman people. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The August 12 30 BC, however, a farmer can get her a basket of figs that hides a snake. Cleopatra, conscious of the presence of the asp, bite and you die before the arrival of Octavian and thus avoid a last humiliation. His son Caesarion killing is done by Octavian, while the other two twin children disappear without a trace. Egypt becomes a Roman province and simple Octavian becomes Augustus and at the same time, the first Roman emperor. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ rarely a woman ' been the focus of so 'many historical events, are rarely female figures' ambitious and seeking to change so insistently the course of events as and 'happened in the case of Cleopatra. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ His end was tragic and his defeat was complete, but the figure of this great woman leaves an impression in focus as one of the most 'important in the history of Rome and with it the ancient world.
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